Paul Robeson 
80 days,
indeterminate — The regular leaf plants of 'Paul Robeson' produce large (up to twenty ounce) beeksteak-type fruit that are maroon-black shouldered, sweet, very juicy, and flavorful. Under certain conditions, we have observed cracking so you should try and be consistent in your watering duties and never in excess.
'Paul Robeson' is an old Russian variety named after the African-American actor, singer and civil rights activist,
Paul Robeson (1898-1976). It was because of his activism and the unyielding position that he took during the McCarthy-era, that he became a hero in the Soviet Union.
Initially introduced to American seed savers in the mid-1990s by Marina Danilenko, a pioneering private seed seller from Moscow during the Perestroika-era (see below). Each packet contains approximately 20 seeds.
Marina Danilenko and her mother – who was a tomato collector – started the first private seed company in Moscow and a similar company in their home city in the Urals in 1990. Prior to this, all vegetable seeds in the former Soviet Union had been produced by a network of collective farms and sold in seven government operated seed stores in Moscow, as well as in similar stores in cities throughout the former Soviet Union.
Marina and her mother began by buying seeds from this network and then paying retirees to fill her seed packets. She began advertising her company in newspapers and magazines, gardeners would send her their names and addresses, then a price list was sent for people to use to place orders. The business exploded! Within the first couple of years, they were mailing price lists to about 80,000 Russian gardeners and selling about 500,000 seed packets via mail-order. In this recently post-Soviet society, the postal service was corrupt, she incurred considerable loss, but she pushed on.
In 1992, Marina reached out to the Moscow branch of the famous Vavilov Institute to grow out some of her vegetable seed stock. She described that, "... the staff is highly professional, their seeds are finest quality, and the Institute certainly needs the money."
About this time, the Seed Savers Exchange sponsored her to come to the United States for visits two years in a row. Here she was able to learn how American mail order seed companies operated, which was critically important considering that the Russian people at that time had no context or informational resources on how to successfully operate a business in a post-communist economy.
By 1993, Marina had supplied at least 170 different Russian tomato varieties into the Seed Savers Exchange's collection. Included in these were some of the first black fruited tomatoes such as 'Paul Robeson' and 'Black from Tula', as well as other popular varieties such as 'Orange Banana' and 'Silvery Fir Tree'.[1]
